Adipose Eyelid Tissue covering the eye except for an aperture for the pupil. Amphipods Small crustaceans that are flattened into the vertical plane. (e.g. sandhoppers) Anadromous Migrating from the sea to spawn in fresh water, (e.g. salmon)

Dead Baiting Using whole dead fish as bait for catching predatory species. Demersal Living close to or on the seabed. Dentales Crushing plates Denticles Small teeth covering the skin of sharks and rays.

Embryo Young animal before birth.

Feathers A fishing lure which is a type of artificial fishing bait designed to attract a fish's attention. The lure uses movement, vibration, flash and colour to bait fish. Many 'feathers' are equipped with one or more hooks of various sizes that are used to catch fish when they strike the lure. Fins In bony fish, the dorsal and anal fins are capable of being erected or lowered at will. (e.g. mackerel move at speed when fins are lowered into grooves for better streamlining. On slowing down the fins are erected again to control rolling and yawing) Finlets Small projections just in front of tail fin, each made up of a single branched ray, the function of which is obscure. Float An item of angling equipment that is attached to the fishing line which serves several purposes. Firstly, it can suspend the bait at a predetermined depth; secondly, due to its buoyancy, it can carry the baited hook to otherwise inaccessible areas of water by allowing the float to drift in the prevailing current; and thirdly, a float also serves as a visual bite indicator. Flying Collar A type of rig using a 12" or more boom to keep the hook trace well away from the main line as the tackle descends to the seabed. French boom Made from stainless steel in a single wire finger pattern with a triangular base which is twisted around the main line through and round without breaking down tackle. Used when fishing very long traces, up to 20ft at times when wreck fishing. Fry Very small immature fish.

Gill Rakers Peg like projections on gills which prevent food passing through gill openings. Gonads Reproductive organs of fish.

Hard Roes Ovaries in the female fish. Hermaphrodite Possessing both male and female reproductive organs.

Invertebrates Animals without backbones. Isopods Small marine crustaceans resembling woodlice.

Juvenile Young fish which although smaller than the adult, have essentially the same body form.

Larvae Young fish which have hatched from the egg but have yet to metamorphose to the juvenile body form. Lask or Last Slices of flesh from Mackerel, Squid or other fish used as bait. Lateral Line A line running down the side of the body which marks the position of sense organs that detect minute changes in water pressure caused by other fish and objects. Leger Terminal rig which has the weight attached to the main line using a slider allowing the main line t be extended and not move the weight. This allows the trace line and hooks to be placed on seabed and a direct contact between hook and rod to feel/see bites. Used when at anchor. Ledger: Rolling Terminal rig when the weight is above hooks and is free to run up or down the main line. Used when on a drift or working tackle down tide with current. Ledger: Running Terminal rig when the weight is above hooks and is free to run up or down the main line. Use only when anchored. Leger: Uptide Terminal rig when the weight is above hooks and is free to run up or down the main line. Use when casting up-tide. Usually has a ‘Breakaway’ lead to hold in place. Littoral Zone Sea bed area between high and low water marks. Live Baiting Using live fish lightly hooked for attracting and catching other fish. Lobes A rounded projection, (e.g. each half of the tail fin) Lure Any artificial bait that resembles a natural bait.

Mesopelagic Living in the middle layers of the sea. Molluscs Invertebrate animals most of which have a hard shell and no limbs. (e.g. oysters, clams and mussels, etc)

Nictitating Membrane A skin flap that can be pulled down across the eye like a blind.

Paternoster Terminal rig which has the weight at the bottom of the line and snoods / booms are attached onto main line. Pectoral Fins The paired fins usually found on the sides of the body behind the head which articulate with the shoulder girdle of the fish. Can be thought of as corresponding to the fore limbs of terrestrial vertebrates. Peeler Crab that has shed or about to shed it’s shell and is still soft. Pelagic Living at or near the surface of the sea. Pennel A system of tying two hooks close together at the end of a normal hook trace. This allows to present one hook at the base of bait and another towards the middle or top of the bait. This secondary hook serves a double purpose. Firstly, having two hooks helps to hold a big bait like worms, crab, fish or a sandeel more securely and more importantly, having two hooks in the one bait can often catch a fish that a single hook would possibly have missed. Pirk A heavy artificial lure not needing additional weights.

Redgill Artificial lure that looks like a sandeel. Rotten Bottom Weaker line than main line attached to weight so it will easily break if snagged on rocks. Saves losing end tackle. Rubby Dubby Minced up fish, crabs, and/or offal hung in a net-bag over-side to lay out a scent trail to attract fishes when anchored.

Sand Bar Area at the mouth of an estuary where seabed is built up. Sandeel Type of small eel used for bait Scales Usually flat overlapping discs with front end embedded into skin. In bony fish grow in size with the fish. School / Schooling Groups of fishes Scutes Bony scales sometimes armed with a sharp spine superficially resembling bucklers. Snood A loop made in the main line which can be cut to make a trace or left to attach a trace. Soft Roes Testes in male fish. Spinning A lure that has a flat or dished shaped, roughly oval or circular blade revolving around a central metal body and mounted on a clevis at the head. The more narrow and oval shaped this blade is, the tighter it revolves around the lures body and at a greater speed. Widen and circularize the shape, and the blade has a more eccentric movement and revolves slower, but gives off far greater impulses to be picked up by the fish. Spiracle Opening behind the eye in sharks and rays used, instead of mouth, as an inhalant inlet when lying on the seabed. This stops gills being covered in sand. Swim Bladder A gas-filled chamber within the body, serving as a buoyancy organ.

Tendrils Fine threads, as for example, on eggs to use for attachment to objects. Trolling Drawing a lure across an area likely to have fish at a slightly higher speed than the tidal flow. Tubercles Small rounded hard projections on skin.

Vertebrates Animals with backbones. Viviparous Bearing free-swimming young which, before birth, develop inside the female. Ventral Fin Paired fins on lower surface of body, which correspond to the hind limbs on more developed vertebrates.

Fleshy finger-like projection, often on chin, used for tasting’. Benthic Living on seabed. Bucklers Greatly enlarged dermal denticles found on some rays.

Capsule Membranous envelope for fish eggs. Cartilaginous Constructed of cartilage which is softer than bone. (e.g. skeletons of Rays, Dogfish etc) Catadromous Migrating from freshwater to spawn in the sea. (e.g. eels) Caudal Fin Tail fin. Cephalopod Mollusc with distinct eight tentacled body. (e.g. squid) Chum Small pieces of bait thrown into the sea to attract fish. Codling Young cod fishes Cocktails Two or more different baits on one hook. Copepods Minute crustaceans usually free swimming, some being parasitic. Corselet Irregular band between head and centre of first dorsal fin of tunnies where scales are larger. Crimps Metal ferrules used to make up traces. Crustaceans Large class of animals with a hard shell and jointed limbs, (e.g. lobsters, crabs and prawns)